Much of protozoology deals with unicellular microorganisms, and the protozoan considers human parasites to be a form of existence in living things.
Protozoa are occupied by protozoa in terms of medical parasitology that examines the modes, causes, symptoms (one of the symptoms, the common manifestation of the disease, a pathological condition, or a disorder of any life course) and the ways in which it is treated. leading position. These are followed by helminthology, which aims to get rid of helminthic invasions, and arachnoentomology - systemic methods for getting rid of arthropod parasites in medicine.
The fauna is abundantly represented by unicellular microorganisms that live everywhere - from the seabed to the upper atmosphere. Each of them belongs to the sub-literature of protozoa or protozoa, in which more than 15, 000 unicellular beings are represented.
Free-living unicellular species include separately classified parasitic forms that cause a number of serious diseases, such as protozoonosis and their symptoms, says a senior researcher at the medical center.
The simplest have dozens of species of parasites that live at the expense of the human body. Amoebas are localized in the intestinal tract, causing symptoms (an individual symptom, a common manifestation of any disease, a pathological condition, or a disorder of any life process), amoebiasis. If it is a dysentery form of the parasite, it provokes the development of dysentery as well as Giardia, which causes giardiasis. The soft tissues of the internal organs may be affected by Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, causing unpleasant toxoplasmosis and requiring special treatment.
Structure of unicellular organisms
The body of a microorganism is just a cell that includes the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is lined with a cytoplasmic membrane that contains organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, the Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. Each provides nutritional, respiratory, locomotor, metabolic, and excretory processes.
The body of a unicellular organism also has a constant and variable shape (it can mean: the shape of an object - the relative position of the boundaries (contours) of the object, the relative position of the object and the points). Some protozoa have a symmetrical body and some have an asymmetrical body. Representatives of flagellated parasites resemble spindles in appearance. The rhizomes of the form (which can mean: the shape of the object - the mutual arrangement of the boundaries (contours) of the object, the relative position of the object and the points of the line) have no body. at all.
Cells divide by simple mitosis, but in some species, during the reproductive process, fertilization occurs sexually, with the formation of a zygote. Almost all of the simplest organisms are heterotrophic, but there are autotrophic unicellular parasites among them.
Motor function is produced in the amoeba due to pseudopodia, it seems to overflow, throwing out pseudopodia. The cilia move because of the often shortening cilia that cover their bodies. The movement of the flagella is due to the movement of the flagella itself, hence their modest name.
The nutritional process of amoeba is also related to pseudopodia, the packaging and absorption of food by pseudopodia. Some forms feed on the cell mouth. Digestion is performed by phagocytosis, an internal process, and pinocytosis, the process of the external absorption of food over the entire surface of the body.
The main feature of protozoa is the formation of cysts under unfavorable conditions. The formation of cysts in dysentery amoeba is particularly common. It allows the parasite (a type of coexistence of living things) to maintain its vital abilities during a period of prolonged anabiosis.
Main classes of protozoan parasites (a type of coexistence of living organisms)
Representatives of unicellular organisms (a living body with properties that distinguish it from inanimate substances, including metabolism, self-maintenance of its structure and organization, and its ability to reproduce) are classified into four main classes:
Sarcode class
The sarcode class includes one of the most common unicellular parasites dangerous to humans - dysentery amoeba, which exists in 4 different forms:
- The vegetative form is the largest, reaching 20 microns. Finding a parasite in freshly emptied stools confirms a disappointing diagnosis whose symptoms speak for themselves.
- A tissue or pathogenic form of a parasite that engages in a parasitic lifestyle in the lumen of the colon. The defeat of the amoeba of the intestinal mucosa occurs in a definite way.
- It is a translucent or major form of dysentery amoeba living in the lumen of the colon. This form causes characteristic symptoms of this disease. They may be observed during the patient's remission process or during the transport phase. The presence of the parasite in any type of stool was not detected.
- The pre-cystic form of the amoeba is immobilized in the semi-formed feces of a human carrier of the disease or in a patient in the healing phase.
The main symptoms of diseases caused by amoebic forms are constant acute abdominal pain, frequent defecation of brown stools due to blood content, and mucus streaks. Body temperature remains within normal limits. A similar picture can accompany the patient intermittently for several years and lead to exhaustion as well as anemia. Without complications caused by the tissue form of amoeba and without proper treatment, the patient can die.
Class flagellates or flagellates
Its characteristic feature is to equip the body with the simplest organs of movement - one or more flagella. Widespread pathogenic micro-organisms in this class:
- trypanosomes, which cause African sleeping sickness;
- urban or rural leishmaniasis causing leshmania;
- trichomonas - pathogens of trichomoniasis, especially in the vaginal form;
- Giardia is a protozone that causes giardiasis.
class of sporozoa
A typical representative of sporozoa is plasmodium malaria, which causes symptoms of valaria and toxoplasma and causes noxoplasmosis.
glitter class
A characteristic of microorganisms in this class is the presence of cilia in the whole body of the microorganism. They have a motorized function that allows the cilia to move quickly. The class is represented by balantidia - the largest human parasite in the protozoan family. Balantidiasis causes a serious and severe disease in the background of the ulcerative process. The disease occurs in an acute subclinical form and can be fatal.